using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;

namespace EmitCreateMembers
{
  class Program
  {
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
      // specify a new assembly name
      var assemblyName = new AssemblyName("Pets");

      // create assembly builder
      var assemblyBuilder = AppDomain.CurrentDomain
        .DefineDynamicAssembly(assemblyName, AssemblyBuilderAccess.RunAndSave);

      // create module builder
      var moduleBuilder = assemblyBuilder.DefineDynamicModule("PetsModule", "Pets.dll");

      // create type builder for a class
      var typeBuilder = moduleBuilder.DefineType("Kitty", TypeAttributes.Public);

      // then create whole class structure
      CreateKittyClassStructure(typeBuilder);

      // then create the whole class type
      var classType = typeBuilder.CreateType();

      // save assembly
      assemblyBuilder.Save("Pets.dll");

      Console.WriteLine("Hi, Dennis, a Pets assembly has been generated for you.");
      Console.ReadLine();
    }

    private static void CreateKittyClassStructure(TypeBuilder typeBuilder)
    {
      // ---- define fields ----

      var fieldId = typeBuilder.DefineField(
        "_id", typeof(int), FieldAttributes.Private);
      var fieldName = typeBuilder.DefineField(
        "_name", typeof(string), FieldAttributes.Private);

      // ---- define costructors ----

      Type objType = Type.GetType("System.Object");
      ConstructorInfo objCtor = objType.GetConstructor(new Type[0]);

      Type[] constructorArgs = { typeof(int), typeof(string) };

      var constructorBuilder = typeBuilder.DefineConstructor(
         MethodAttributes.Public, CallingConventions.Standard, constructorArgs);
      ILGenerator ilOfCtor = constructorBuilder.GetILGenerator();

      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Call, objCtor);
      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldId);
      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_2);
      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldName);
      ilOfCtor.Emit(OpCodes.Ret); 

      // ---- define properties ----

      var methodGetId = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(
        "GetId", MethodAttributes.Public, typeof(int), null);
      var methodSetId = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(
        "SetId", MethodAttributes.Public, null, new Type[] { typeof(int) });

      var ilOfGetId = methodGetId.GetILGenerator();
      ilOfGetId.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); // this
      ilOfGetId.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldId);
      ilOfGetId.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

      var ilOfSetId = methodSetId.GetILGenerator();
      ilOfSetId.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); // this
      ilOfSetId.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1); // the first one in arguments list
      ilOfSetId.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldId);
      ilOfSetId.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

      // create Id property
      var propertyId = typeBuilder.DefineProperty(
        "Id", PropertyAttributes.None, typeof(int), null);
      propertyId.SetGetMethod(methodGetId);
      propertyId.SetSetMethod(methodSetId);

      var methodGetName = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(
        "GetName", MethodAttributes.Public, typeof(string), null);
      var methodSetName = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(
        "SetName", MethodAttributes.Public, null, new Type[] { typeof(string) });

      var ilOfGetName = methodGetName.GetILGenerator();
      ilOfGetName.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); // this
      ilOfGetName.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldName);
      ilOfGetName.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

      var ilOfSetName = methodSetName.GetILGenerator();
      ilOfSetName.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); // this
      ilOfSetName.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1); // the first one in arguments list
      ilOfSetName.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, fieldName);
      ilOfSetName.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);

      // create Name property
      var propertyName = typeBuilder.DefineProperty(
        "Name", PropertyAttributes.None, typeof(string), null);
      propertyName.SetGetMethod(methodGetName);
      propertyName.SetSetMethod(methodSetName);

      // ---- define methods ----

      // create ToString() method
      var methodToString = typeBuilder.DefineMethod(
        "ToString",
        MethodAttributes.Virtual | MethodAttributes.Public,
        typeof(string),
        null);

      var ilOfToString = methodToString.GetILGenerator();
      var local = ilOfToString.DeclareLocal(typeof(string)); // create a local variable
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, "Id:[{0}], Name:[{1}]");
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); // this
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldId);
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Box, typeof(int)); // boxing the value type to object
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0); // this
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Ldfld, fieldName);
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Call,
        typeof(string).GetMethod("Format",
        new Type[] { typeof(string), typeof(object), typeof(object) }));
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, local); // set local variable
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, local); // load local variable to stack
      ilOfToString.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
    }
  }
}